جدول المحتويات v مقدمة
xi
تحديد مهمتنا xm
1. تصحيح معتقداتنا وممارساتنا (xiv)
2. دعوة إلى True Dm (xv)
3. تحذير من المعتقدات والممارسات المنحرفة (xvi)
4. تنقية السنة (xvi)
5 تحرير الفكر الإسلامي (17)
6. تقديم الحل الإسلامي (17)
الخاتمة (18) التقنيات
............................ .................................................. xviii
الترجمة الصوتية (xviii)
ترجمة القرآن والحديث والإشارة إليه (xx)
أقوال بارزة (xxi)
تمهيد xxiii
الرحلة الحتمية ......................... .................................... xxiii
هذا الكتاب ................................................ .................................. xxiv
الوصف العام (xxiv)
مادة إضافية (xxv)
فهم قضايا غايب. .................................................. .. xxv
شكر وتقدير .............................................. .................... xxvi
الفصل الأول
مقدمة 1
لماذا تكتب وصية؟ ................................. يبحث
المسلمون الذين يعيشون في البلدان غير الإسلامية
عما يفيدك أكثر

2
4

أي المال هو الأفضل؟ (4)
لا تؤجل الخير (5)

Contents vi The Final Bequest
CHAPTER 2
WRITING THE WILL 7
Definition ...................................................................................... 7
Will — Wasiyyah (7)
Command at the Time of Death (9)
Shari Meaning (10)
The Obligation of Writing the Will .............................................. 11
People Benefitting from a Bequeathal ..........................................12
Standard Heirs (12)
The Relatives (13)
Non-Muslim Relatives (14)
Other Beneficiaries (14)
Maximum Bequeathal ......................................................................14
Witnesses ........................................................................................ 16
Unfair Bequests ...............................................................................18
Allah Is the One Who Ordains the Shares (18)
The Bequest May Not Be Used as a Tool of Oppression (19)
Void Parts (21)
Attempting to Stop the Injustice (22)
Basic Elements of a Will ...............................................................22
1. Indication of the Testator’s Situation (22)
2. Declaration of Faith (22)
3. Commanding the Survivors to Do Good and Avoid Sins (23)
4. Declaration of Liabilities and Assets (24)
5. Appointing an Executor and a Guardian (24)
6. The Bequeathed Part of the Estate (25)
7. Emphasizing the Islamic Heirship (25)
Sanctity of the Will ........................................................................25
CHAPTER 3
TEXTS CONCERNING INHERITANCE 27
The Estate Goes to the Legal Heirs ................................................ 27
Abrogated Practices ........................................................................30
Including Women in the Estate (30)
Heirs by Oath (30)
Specified Shares ...............................................................................31
Children and Parents (31)
Spouses and Maternal Siblings (33)

The Final Bequest vii Contents
Full and Paternal Siblings (35)
Daughter, Grand-Daughter, and Sister (36)
Nearest Male (37)
Non-Standard Heirs ......................................................................37
Maternal Uncle, and the Islamic State (38)
A Sister’s Son (40)
Special Individuals ........................................................................ 40
The Prophet (40)
A Fetus (42)
A Child of Zina (43)
Child of a Pregnant Slave Woman (44)
A Killer (45)
Non-Muslims (46)
Additional Considerations .............................................................47
Allocations Prior to Islam (47)
No Bequest to Legal Heirs (48)
Regaining Earlier Charity (48)
Giving Charity While Dividing the Inheritance (49)
CHAPTER 4
THE ISLAMIC LAW OF INHERITANCE 51
Introduction ......................................................................................51
Warning Concerning Weak Reports .............................................. 51
Definitions ........................................................................................52
‘Ilm ul-Faraid (52)
Difference in Understanding (53)
Pillars and Conditions for Inheritance (53)
Ties of Inheritance (54)
Inheritance Obstructors (55)
Female Heirs (57)
Types of Heirs (59)
Prescribed Shares ...........................................................................59
Abbreviations (59)
Table of Shares (60)
Notes and Additional Conditions (61)
Ta sib ............................................................................................. 63
Independent ‘Usbah (63)
Ranks of Independent Taslb (64)

Contents viii The Final Bequest
Ta sib by Association (65)
Joint TasTb (65)
Hajb ................................................................................................66
Total Hajb (66)
Partial Hajb (66)
Calculating the Shares ....................................................................67
Case Window (67)
Increasing the Base (68)
Special Cases ................................................................................... 68
The Two Cases of ‘Umar (68)
Maternal Brothers Cutting-off Full Brothers (69)
Grandfather with Siblings (70)
Second Distribution ....................................................................... 71
1. No Surviving Spouse (71)
2. There Is a Surviving Spouse (72)
Successive Deaths ............................................................................ 74
Meaning and Procedure (74)
Example (74)
Simultaneous Deaths (75)
Inheritance of a Fetus ..................................................................... 75
Conditions for a Fetus’s Heirship (76)
Possibilities for the Fetus (76)
Possibilities for the Other Heirs (77)
Example (77)
Missing Persons ...............................................................................78
Definition (78)
Inheritance of a Missing Person (78)
A Missing Heir (78)
Hermaphrodites ...............................................................................79
Relatives Through Female Lineage .................................................79
Definition (79)
Inheritance (81)
Example (82)
CHAPTER 5
EXAMPLES AND COMPUTATIONS 83
Simple Cases of Share Allocation ...................................................83
Simple Window Cases ...................................................................86

The Final Bequest ix Contents
Examples of ‘Awal .......................................................................... 89
APPENDIX I: WILL FORM 91
General Remarks ............................................................................ 91
Signing Instructions ........................................................................92
Affidavit .......................................................................................... 93
The Will .......................................................................................... 94
APPENDIX II: ADDITIONAL FORMS 95
REFERENCES 113
Will (113)
Inheritance (113)
General (114)
ARABIC TERMS 115
A: Glossary of Common Terms .................................................115
B: Index ...................................................................................... 122

Al-hamdu lillah. Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him and
seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from our
souls’ evils and our wrong doings. He whom Allah guides, no one can
misguide; and he whom He misguides, no one can guide.

I bear witness that there is no (true) god except Allah — alone
without any partners. And I bear witness that Muhammad (H) is His
‘abd (servant) and messenger.

كتابة الوصية واجب ديني على كل مسلم قادر. يقي من العديد من المشاكل والصراعات التي قد تنشأ بعد وفاة الإنسان. وقد تم التأكيد على هذا الالتزام أكثر في الغرب: إن عدم كتابة وصية صحيحة قد يؤدي إلى توزيع تركة المرء بما يتعارض مع الشريعة الإسلامية ، وقد يؤدي إلى خسائر لبعض الورثة الشرعيين.